निर्णय , कंटक शोधन एवं दण्ड प्रक्रिया 

निर्णय प्रक्रिया .
1. APHORISM-अकृत कार्य
बलाद्दत्तं बलाद्भुक्तं बलाद्यच्चापि लेखितम्  । सर्वान् बलकृतानर्थानकृतान्मनुरब्रवीत् ॥ ८.१६८ ॥
168. What is given by force, what is enjoyed by force, also what has been caused to be written by force, and all other transactions done by force, Manu has declared void.
2. APHORISM- निषेध-
त्रयः परार्थे क्लिश्यन्ति साक्षिणः प्रतिभूः कुलम् । चत्वारस्तूपचीयन्ते विप्र आढ्यो वणिङ्नृपः  ॥ ८.१६९ ॥
169. Three suffer for the sake of others, witnesses, a surety, and judges; but four enrich themselves (through others), a Brahmana, a money-lender, a merchant, and a king.
3. APHORISM-धन का लेनदेन
अनादेयं नाददीत परिक्षीणोऽपि पार्थिवः  । न चादेयं समृद्धोऽपि सूक्ष्ममप्यर्थमुत्सृजेत् ॥ ८.१७० ॥
170. No king, however indigent, shall take anything that ought not to be taken, nor shall he, however wealthy, decline taking that which he ought to take, be it ever so small.
4. APHORISM-विधि शासन का लाभ
कामक्रोधौ तु संयम्य योऽर्थान् धर्मेण पश्यति  । प्रजास्तमनुवर्तन्ते समुद्रमिव सिन्धवः  ॥ ८.१७५ ॥
175. If, subduing love and hatred, he decides the causes according to the law, (the hearts of) his subjects turn towards him as the rivers (run) towards the ocean.
5. APHORISM-पद स्थिति का उपयोग
यः साधयन्तं छन्देन वेदयेद्धनिकं नृपे  । स राज्ञा तच्चतुर्भागं दाप्यस्तस्य च तद्धनम्  ॥ ८.१७६ ॥
176. (The debtor) who complains to the king that his creditor recovers (the debt) independently (of the court), shall be compelled by the king to pay (as a fine) one quarter (of the sum) and to his (creditor) the money (due)


6. APHORISM-विवाद निर्णय में साक्षी, प्रमाणों का उपयोग
अनेन विधिना राजा मिथो विवदतां नृणाम्  । साक्षिप्रत्ययसिद्धानि कार्याणि समतां नयेत् ॥ ८.१७८ ॥
178. According to these rules let the king equitably decide between men, who dispute with each other the matters, which are proved by witnesses and (other) evidence.
7. APHORISM -पुनः निर्णय
तीरितं चानुशिष्टं च यत्र क्व चन यद्भवेत् । कृतं तद्धर्मतो विद्यान्न तद्भूयो निवर्तयेत् ॥ ९.२३३ ॥
जहां किसी मुकद्दमे में ठीक निर्णय दिया जा चुका हो और किसी दण्ड का आदेश भी दिया जा चुका हो धर्मपूर्वक किये उस निर्णय को पूरा हुआ जानना चाहिए उस मुकद्दमे का पुनः निर्णय न करे । (यह लोभ या ममत्व आदि के कारण अथवा अकारण निर्णय न करने का कथन है, कारण विशेष होने पर तो पुनः निर्णय का कथन किया गया है ।
233. Whenever any (legal transaction) has been completed or (a punishment) been inflicted according to the law, he shall sanction it and not annul it.

दण्ड प्रक्रिया
8. APHORISM-शारीरिक रूप से कमजोर व्यक्तो के लिए दंड की मात्रा
स्त्रीबालोन्मत्तवृद्धानां दरिद्राणां च रोगिणाम्  । शिफाविदलरज्ज्वाद्यैर्विदध्यान्नृपतिर्दमम्  ॥ ९.२३० ॥
230. On women, infants, men of disordered mind, the poor and the sick, the king shall inflict punishment with a whip, a cane, or a rope and the like.
9. APHORISM-उत्कोच घूस आदि द्वारा कार्य की हानि
ये नियुक्तास्तु कार्येषु हन्युः कार्याणि कार्यिणाम्  । धनोष्मणा पच्यमानास्तान्निःस्वान् कारयेन्नृपः  ॥ ९.२३१ ॥
राजा के  द्वारा नियुक्त कर्मचारी घुस आदि धन लेकर कार्य को नष्ट करे तो राजा उनकी संपत्ति को अपने अधीन कर ले !
231. But those appointed (to administer public) affairs, who, baked by the fire of wealth, mar the business of suitors, the king shall deprive of their property.
10. APHORISM-विधिपूर्वक कार्य न करने पर मृत्यु दण्ड
कूटशासनकर्तॄंश्च प्रकृतीनां च दूषकान्  । स्त्रीबालब्राह्मणघ्नांश्च हन्याद्द्विट्सेविनस्तथा  ॥ ९.२३२ ॥
और राजा के निर्णयों को कपटपूर्वक लिखने वाले, प्रकृति-प्रजा, मन्त्री, सेनापति आदि राजकर्मचारियों को रिश्वत आदि बुरे कार्यों में फंसाकर बिगाड़ने वाले, स्त्रियों, बच्चो और विद्वानों की हत्या करने वाले, तथा शत्रु से मिलकर उसका भला करने वाले, इनको वध से दण्डित करे ।
232. Forgers of royal edicts, those who corrupt his ministers, those who slay women, infants, or Brahmanas, and those who serve his enemies, the king shall put to death.

11. APHORISM-अधर्म पूर्वक किये गए कार्य को ठीक करना
अमात्याः प्राड्विवाको वा यत्कुर्युः कार्यमन्यथा  । तत्स्वयं नृपतिः कुर्यात्तान् सहस्रं च दण्डयेत् ॥ ९.२३४ ॥
मन्त्री अथवा न्यायीधीश जिस मुकद्दमें के निर्णय को गलत या अन्यायपूर्वक कर दें तो  उस मुकद्दमे के निर्णय को राजा स्वयं करे और अन्यायपूर्वक निर्णय करने वाले उन अधिकारियों को एक हजार पण दण्ड से दण्डित करे
234. Whatever matter his ministers or the judge may settle improperly, that the king himself shall (re-) settle and fine (them) one thousand (panas).
12. APHORISM-महापातक
ब्रह्महा च सुरापश्च स्तेयी च गुरुतल्पगः  । एते सर्वे पृथग्ज्ञेया महापातकिनो नराः  ॥ ९.२३५ ॥
235. The slayer of a Brahmana, (A twice-born man) who drinks (the spirituous liquor called) Sura, he who steals (the gold of a Brahmana), and he who violates a Guru's bed, must each and all be considered as men who committed mortal sins (mahapataka).

13. APHORISM-प्रायश्चित न करने पर विधु द्वारा दण्ड
चतुर्णामपि चैतेषां प्रायश्चित्तमकुर्वताम्  । शारीरं धनसंयुक्तं दण्डं धर्म्यं प्रकल्पयेत् ॥ ९.२३६ ॥
236. On those four even, if they do not perform a penance, let him inflict corporal punishment and fines in accordance with the law.

14. APHORISM-महापातक के लिए दण्ड
गुरुतल्पे भगः कार्यः सुरापाने सुराध्वजः  । स्तेये च श्वपदं कार्यं ब्रह्महण्यशिराः पुमान्  ॥ ९.२३७ ॥
237. For violating a Guru's bed, (the mark of) a female part shall be (impressed on the forehead with a hot iron); for drinking (the spirituous liquor called) Sura, the sign of a tavern; for stealing (the gold of a Brahmana), a dog's foot; for murdering a Brahmana, a headless corpse.
15. APHORISM-निरन्तर भटकना
असंभोज्या ह्यसंयाज्या असंपाठ्याऽविवाहिनः  । चरेयुः पृथिवीं दीनाः सर्वधर्मबहिष्कृताः  ॥ ९.२३८ ॥
238. Excluded from all fellowship at meals, excluded from all sacrifices, excluded from instruction and from matrimonial alliances, abject and excluded from all religious duties, let them wander over (this) earth.
16. APHORISM-संपत्ति से बेदखली
ज्ञातिसंबन्धिभिस्त्वेते त्यक्तव्याः कृतलक्षणाः  । निर्दया निर्नमस्कारास्तन्मनोरनुशासनम्  ॥ ९.२३९ ॥
239. Such (persons) who have been branded with (indelible) marks must be cast off by their paternal and maternal relations, and receive neither compassion nor a salutation; that is the teaching of Manu.
17. APHORISM-प्रायश्चित करने पर उत्तम साहस का दंड
प्रायश्चित्तं तु कुर्वाणाः सर्ववर्णा यथोदितम्  । नाङ्क्या राज्ञा ललाटे स्युर्दाप्यास्तूत्तमसाहसम्  ॥ ९.२४० ॥
240. But (men of) all castes who perform the prescribed penances, must not be branded on the forehead by the king, but shall be made to pay the highest amercement.
18. APHORISM-निरसित
आगःसु ब्राह्मणस्यैव कार्यो मध्यमसाहसः  । विवास्यो वा भवेद्राष्ट्रात्सद्रव्यः सपरिच्छदः  ॥ ९.२४१ ॥
241. For (such) offences the middlemost amercement shall be inflicted on a Brahmana, or he may be banished from the realm, keeping his money and his chattels.

19. APHORISM-बेदखली और देश निकाला
इतरे कृतवन्तस्तु पापान्येतान्यकामतः  । सर्वस्वहारमर्हन्ति कामतस्तु प्रवासनम्  ॥ ९.२४२ ॥
242. But (men of) other (castes), who have unintentionally committed such crimes, ought to be deprived of their whole property; if (they committed them) intentionally, they shall be banished.
20. APHORISM-राजा द्वारा लोभ से संपत्ति न लेना
नाददीत नृपः साधुर्महापातकिनो धनम्  । आददानस्तु तल्लोभात्तेन दोषेण लिप्यते  ॥ ९.२४३ ॥
243. A virtuous king must not take for himself the property of a man guilty of mortal sin; but if he takes it out of greed, he is tainted by that guilt (of the offender).
21. APHORISM-निरसित
अप्सु प्रवेश्य तं दण्डं वरुणायोपपादयेत् । श्रुतवृत्तोपपन्ने वा ब्राह्मणे प्रतिपादयेत् ॥ ९.२४४ ॥
244. Having thrown such a fine into the water, let him offer it to Varuna, or let him bestow it on a learned and virtuous Brahmana.
22. APHORISM-दण्ड को वरुण भी कहते है
ईशो दण्डस्य वरुणो राज्ञां दण्डधरो हि सः  । ईशः सर्वस्य जगतो ब्राह्मणो वेदपारगः  ॥ ९.२४५ ॥
245. Varuna is the lord of punishment, for he holds the sceptre even over kings; a Brahmana who has learnt the whole Veda is the lord of the whole world.

23. APHORISM-सुखी राज्य
यत्र वर्जयते राजा पापकृद्भ्यो धनागमम्  । तत्र कालेन जायन्ते मानवा दीर्घजीविनः  ॥ ९.२४६ ॥
246. In that (country), where the king avoids taking the property of (mortal) sinners, men are born in (due) time (and are) long-lived.
24. APHORISM-सुखी राज्य
निष्पद्यन्ते च सस्यानि यथोप्तानि विशां पृथक् । बालाश्च न प्रमीयन्ते विकृतं च न जायते  ॥ ९.२४७ ॥
247. And the crops of the husbandmen spring up, each as it was sown, and the children die not, and no misshaped (offspring) is born.
25. APHORISM-निरसित
ब्राह्मणान् बाधमानं तु कामादवरवर्णजम्  । हन्याच्चित्रैर्वधोपायैरुद्वेजनकरैर्नृपः  ॥ ९.२४८ ॥
248. But the king shall inflict on a base-born (Sudra), who intentionally gives pain to Brahmanas, various (kinds of) corporal punishment which cause terror.
26. APHORISM-अधर्म से दण्ड
यावानवध्यस्य वधे तावान् वध्यस्य मोक्षणे  । अधर्मो नृपतेर्दृष्टो धर्मस्तु विनियच्छतः  ॥ ९.२४९ ॥
अदण्डनीय को दण्ड देने पर राजा को जितना अधर्म होना शास्त्र में माना गया है उतना ही दण्डनीय को छोड़ने में अधर्म होता है न्यायानुसार दण्ड देना ही धर्म है ।
249. When a king punishes an innocent (man), his guilt is considered as great as when he sets free a guilty man; but (he acquires) merit when he punishes (justly).
27. APHORISM-विवाद पदों की वर्णन की समाप्ति
उदितोऽयं विस्तरशो मिथो विवादमानयोः  । अष्टादशसु मार्गेषु व्यवहारस्य निर्णयः  ॥ ९.२५० ॥
यह परस्पर विवाद =झगड़ा करने वाले वादी-प्रतिवादियों के अठारह प्रकार के मुकद्दमों का निर्णय विस्तारपूर्वक कहा ।
250. Thus the (manner of) deciding suits (falling) under the eighteen titles, between two litigant parties, has been declared at length.
विविध अपराध प्रकरण कंटक शोधन में दण्ड का प्रयोग
28. APHORISM-धर्म युक्त शासन
एवं धर्म्याणि कार्याणि सम्यक्कुर्वन्महीपतिः  । देशानलब्धांल्लिप्सेत लब्धांश्च परिपालयेत् ॥ ९.२५१ ॥
251. A king who thus duly fulfils his duties in accordance with justice, may seek to gain countries which he has not yet gained, and shall duly protect them when he has gained them.
29. APHORISM-कंटक निवारण
सम्यङ्निविष्टदेशस्तु कृतदुर्गश्च शास्त्रतः  । कण्टकोद्धरणे नित्यमातिष्ठेद्यत्नमुत्तमम्  ॥ ९.२५२ ॥
252. Having duly settled his country, and having built forts in accordance with the Institutes, he shall use his utmost exertions to remove (those men who are nocuous like) thorns.
30. APHORISM-कंटक शोधन राज्य का कर्म
रक्षनादार्यवृत्तानां कण्टकानां च शोधनात् । नरेन्द्रास्त्रिदिवं यान्ति प्रजापालनतत्पराः  ॥ ९.२५३ ॥
253. By protecting those who live as (becomes) Aryans and by removing the thorns, kings, solely intent on guarding their subjects, reach heaven.
31. APHORISM-कंटक निग्रह नहीं करने पर राज्य की अवनती
अशासंस्तस्करान् यस्तु बलिं गृह्णाति पार्थिवः  । तस्य प्रक्षुभ्यते राष्ट्रं स्वर्गाच्च परिहीयते  ॥ ९.२५४ ॥
254. The realm of that king who takes his share in kind, though he does not punish thieves, (will be) disturbed and he (will) lose heaven.
32. APHORISM-निर्भय राज्य की उन्नति 
निर्भयं तु भवेद्यस्य राष्ट्रं बाहुबलाश्रितम्  । तस्य तद्वर्धते नित्यं सिच्यमान इव द्रुमः  ॥ ९.२५५ ॥
255. But if his kingdom be secure, protected by the strength of his arm, it will constantly flourish like a (well)- watered tree.
33. APHORISM-प्रत्यक्ष था परोक्ष चोर का ज्ञान
द्विविधांस्तस्करान् विद्यात्परद्रव्यापहारकान्  । प्रकाशांश्चाप्रकाशांश्च चारचक्षुर्महीपतिः  ॥ ९.२५६ ॥
256. Let the king who sees (everything) through his spies, discover the two sorts of thieves who deprive others of their property, both those who (show themselves) openly and those who (lie) concealed.

34. APHORISM-प्रत्यक्ष तथा परोक्ष चोर का लक्षण
प्रकाशवञ्चकास्तेषां नानापण्योपजीविनः  । प्रच्छन्नवञ्चकास्त्वेते ये स्तेनाटविकादयः  ॥ ९.२५७ ॥
257. Among them, the open rogues (are those) who subsist by (cheating in the sale of) various marketable commodities, but the concealed rogues are burglars, robbers in forests, and so forth.
35. APHORISM-परोक्ष चोर
उत्कोचकाश्चाउपधिका वञ्चकाः कितवास्तथा  । मङ्गलादेशवृत्ताश्च भद्राश्चेक्षणिकैः सह  ॥ ९.२५८ ॥
रिश्वतखोर, भय दिखाकर धन लेने वाले ठग, ’जूआ’ से धन लेने वाले, ’तुम्हें पुत्र या धन प्राप्ति होगी’ इत्यादि मांगलिक बातों को कहकर धन लेने वाले, साधु-सन्यासी आदि भद्ररूप धारण करके धन लेने वाले, हाथ आदि देखकर भविष्य बताकर धन लेने वाले, धन, वस्तु आदि लेकर तरीकों से काम करने वाले उच्च राजकर्मचारी (मन्त्री आदि), अनुचित मात्रा में धन लेने वाले या अयोग्य चिकित्सक अनुचित मात्रा में धन लेने वाले शिल्पी, धन ठगने में चतुर वेश्याएं इत्यादियों को और दूसरे जो श्रेष्ठों का देश या चिह्न धारण करके गुप्तरूप से विचरण करने वाले दुष्ट या बुरे व्यक्ति है, उनको प्रकट लोककण्टक = प्रजाओं  को पीडित करने वाले चोर समझे ।
258. Those who take bribes, cheats and rogues, gamblers, those who live by teaching (the performance of) auspicious ceremonies, sanctimonious hypocrites, and fortune-tellers.

36. APHORISM-परोक्ष चोर
असम्यक्कारिणश्चैव महामात्राश्चिकित्सकाः  । शिल्पोपचारयुक्ताश्च निपुणाः पण्ययोषितः  ॥ ९.२५९ ॥
259. Officials of high rank and physicians who act improperly, men living by showing their proficiency in arts, and clever harlots,
37. APHORISM-चोरो का पता लगाना
एवमादीन् विजानीयात्प्रकाशांल्लोककण्टकान्  । निगूढचारिणश्चान्याननार्यानार्यलिङ्गिनः  ॥ ९.२६० ॥
260. These and the like who show themselves openly, as well as others who walk in disguise (such as) non-Aryans who wear the marks of Aryans, he should know to be thorns (in the side of his people).
38. APHORISM-गुप्तचर का प्रयोग
तान् विदित्वा सुचरितैर्गूढैस्तत्कर्मकारिभिः  । चारैश्चानेकसंस्थानैः प्रोत्साद्य वशमानयेत् ॥ ९.२६१ ॥
261. Having detected them by means of trustworthy persons, who, disguising themselves, (pretend) to follow the same occupations and by means of spies, wearing various disguises, he must cause them to be instigated (to commit offences), and bring them into his power.

39. APHORISM-दोषानुसार दण्ड की व्यवस्था
तेषां दोषानभिख्याप्य स्वे स्वे कर्मणि तत्त्वतः  । कुर्वीत शासनं राजा सम्यक्सारापराधतः  ॥ ९.२६२ ॥

जिन्होंने  बुरा काम किया है भलीभांति उनके दोषों की घोषणा करके बल और अपराध के अनुसार न्यायोचित दण्ड से दण्डित करना चाहये ।
262. Then having caused the crimes, which they committed by their several actions, to be proclaimed in accordance with the facts, the king shall duly punish them according to their strength and their crimes.
40. APHORISM-चौर्य कर्म के निग्रह में दण्ड का प्रयोग
न हि दण्डादृते शक्यः कर्तुं पापविनिग्रहः  । स्तेनानां पापबुद्धीनां निभृतं चरतां क्षितौ  ॥ ९.२६३ ॥
इन प्रकट चोरों, पृथ्वी पर गुप्तरूप में विचरण करने वाले चोरों या अन्य अपराधियों तथा अधर्म  में बुद्धि रखने वालों के कर्मो पर रोक दण्ड के बिना नहीं हो सकता ।
263. For the wickedness of evil-minded thieves, who secretly prowl over this earth, cannot be restrained except by punishment.

41. APHORISM -चौरो का अन्वेषण
सभाप्रपापूपशाला- वेशमद्यान्नविक्रयाः  । चतुष्पथांश्चैत्यवृक्षाः समाजाः प्रेक्षणानि च  ॥ ९.२६४ ॥ जीर्णोद्यानान्यरण्यानि कारुकावेशनानि च  । शून्यानि चाप्यगाराणि वनान्युपवनानि च  ॥ ९.२६५ ॥ एवंविधान्नृपो देशान् गुल्मैः स्थावरजङ्गमैः  । तस्करप्रतिषेधार्थं चारैश्चाप्यनुचारयेत् ॥ ९.२६६ ॥

सभाओं के आयोजन स्थल, प्याऊ, मालपूआ आदि बेचने का स्थान (भोजनालय, हलवाइयों की दुकान आदि), वेश्याघर, मद्यस्थान, अनाज बेचने का स्थान (मण्डी आदि), चौराहे, प्रसिद्धवृक्ष जहां लोग इकट्ठे होकर बैठते हैं, सार्वजनिक स्थान, तमाशे के स्थान, पुराने बगीचे और जंगल, शिल्पियों के स्थान, सूने पड़े हुए घर, वन और उपवन, राजा ऐसे स्थानों मे चोरों को रोकने के लिए, एक स्थान पर रहने वाले और गश्त लगाने वाले सिपाहियों को और गुप्तचरों को विचरण कराये या नियुक्त करे ।
264. Assembly-houses, houses where water is distributed or cakes are sold, brothels, taverns and victualler's shops, cross-roads, well-known trees, festive assemblies, and play-houses and concert-rooms.
265. Old gardens, forests, the shops of artisans, empty dwellings, natural and artificial groves,
266. These and the like places the king shall cause to be guarded by companies of soldiers, both stationary and patrolling, and by spies, in order to keep away thieves.
42. APHORISM-समायोजित
जीर्णोद्यानान्यरण्यानि कारुकावेशनानि च  । शून्यानि चाप्यगाराणि वनान्युपवनानि च  ॥ ९.२६५ ॥
265. Old gardens, forests, the shops of artisans, empty dwellings, natural and artificial groves,
43. APHORISM-समायोजित
एवंविधान्नृपो देशान् गुल्मैः स्थावरजङ्गमैः  । तस्करप्रतिषेधार्थं चारैश्चाप्यनुचारयेत् ॥ ९.२६६ ॥
266. These and the like places the king shall cause to be guarded by companies of soldiers, both stationary and patrolling, and by spies, in order to keep away thieves

44. APHORISM-चोरो का पता लगाने के उपाय
तत्सहायैरनुगतैर्नानाकर्मप्रवेदिभिः  । विद्यादुत्सादयेच्चैव निपुणैः पूर्वतस्करैः  ॥ ९.२६७ ॥
उन चोर आदि सहायकों और अनुगामियों से अनेक प्रकार के कर्मों को जानने वाले चतुर भूतपूर्व चोरों से भी चोरों का पता लगावे और पता लगने पर उन्हें दण्डित करे ।
267. By the means of clever reformed thieves, who associate with such (rogues), follow them and know their various machinations, he must detect and destroy them.
45. APHORISM-चोरो को पकड़ने के उपाय
भक्ष्यभोज्योपदेशैश्च ब्राह्मणानां च दर्शनैः  । शौर्यकर्मापदेशैश्च कुर्युस्तेषां समागमम्  ॥ ९.२६८ ॥
वे सहयोगी या गुप्तचर लोग खाने के पदार्थों का लालच देकर और ब्रह्मावेत्ता विद्वानों के दर्शनों के बहाने तथा कोई शौर्यकर्म दिखाने के बहाने से उन चोर आदि को सिपाहियों से मिला दें—गिरफ्तार करा दें ।
268. Under the pretext of (offering them) various dainties, of introducing them to Brahmanas, and on the pretence of (showing them) feats of strength, the (spies) must make them meet (the officers of justice).

46. APHORISM-गुप्तचरों द्वारा चोरो का निग्रह
ये तत्र नोपसर्पेयुर्मूलप्रणिहिताश्च ये  । तान् प्रसह्य नृपो हन्यात्समित्रज्ञातिबान्धवान्  ॥ ९.२६९ ॥
जो चोरों के सहयोगी और चोर पकड़े जाने की शंका से वहां (सिपाहियों के पास या गुप्तचरों द्वारा निश्चित स्थान पर) न आवें तो राजा मित्र, रिश्तेदार और बान्धवों सहित उन चोरों को बलपूर्वक पकड़कर दण्डित करें ।
269. Those among them who do not come, and those who suspect the old (thieves employed by the king), the king shall attack by force and slay together with their friends, blood relations, and connexions.

47. APHORISM-चुराए गए धन का पता न लगने पर
न होढेन विना चौरं घातयेद्धार्मिको नृपः  । सहोढं सोपकरणं घातयेदविचारयन्  ॥ ९.२७० ॥
 राजा  चोरी का माल आदि प्रमाण के बिना चोर को न मारे, किन्तु चोरी का माल, और सेंध मारने आदि के औजार आदि प्रमाण उपलब्ध होने पर अवश्य दण्डित करे ।
270. A just king shall not cause a thief to be put to death, (unless taken) with the stolen goods (in his possession); him who (is taken) with the stolen goods and the implements (of burglary), he may, without hesitation, cause to be slain.


48. APHORISM-चोरो के आश्रयदाताओ को दण्ड
ग्रामेष्वपि च ये के चिच्चौराणां भक्तदायकाः  । भाण्डावकाशदाश्चैव सर्वांस्तानपि घातयेत् ॥ ९.२७१ ॥
जो कोई भी चोरों को भोजन देने वाले, बर्तन और स्थान देने वाले हो राजा उन सबको भी दण्डित करे ।
271. All those also who in villages give food to thieves or grant them room for (concealing their implements), he shall cause to be put to death.
49. APHORISM-अपराधी सीमा रक्षको को दण्ड
राष्ट्रेषु रक्षाधिकृतान् सामन्तांश्चैव चोदितान्  । अभ्याघातेषु मध्यस्थाञ्शिष्याच्चौरानिव द्रुतम्  ॥ ९.२७२ ॥
राजा राज्य में रक्षा के लिए नियुक्त और सीमाओं पर नियुक्त राजपुरुषों को यदि चोरो आदि के मामले में मिला हुआ पाये तो उनको भी चोर के समान ही शीघ्रतापूर्वक दण्ड दे ।
272. Those who are appointed to guard provinces and his vassals who have been ordered (to help), he shall speedily punish like thieves, (if they remain) inactive in attacks (by robbers).
50. APHORISM-निरसित
यश्चापि धर्मसमयात्प्रच्युतो धर्मजीवनः  । दण्डेनैव तमप्योषेत्स्वकाद्धर्माद्धि विच्युतम्  ॥ ९.२७३ ॥
273. Moreover if (a man), who subsists by (the fulfilment of) the law, departs from the established rule of the law, the (king) shall severely punish him by a fine, (because he) violated his duty.

51. APHORISM-चोर उपद्रव में सहायक न होने वालो का उपाय
ग्रामघाते हिताभङ्गे पथि मोषाभिदर्शने  । शक्तितो नाभिधावन्तो निर्वास्याः सपरिच्छदाः  ॥ ९.२७४ ॥
274. Those who do not give assistance according to their ability when a village is being plundered, a dyke is being destroyed, or a highway robbery committed, shall be banished with their goods and chattels.
52. APHORISM-राजकोष के चोर आदि  को दण्ड
राज्ञः कोशापहर्तॄंश्च प्रतिकूलेषु च स्थितान्  । घातयेद्विविधैर्दण्डैररीणां चोपजापकान्  ॥ ९.२७५ ॥
275. On those who rob the king's treasury and those who persevere in opposing (his commands), he shall inflict various kinds of capital punishment, likewise on those who conspire with his enemies.
53. APHORISM-सेंध मारने वाले चोर को दण्ड
संधिं छित्त्वा तु ये चौर्यं रात्रौ कुर्वन्ति तस्कराः  । तेषां छित्त्वा नृपो हस्तौ तीक्ष्णे शूले निवेशयेत् ॥ ९.२७६ ॥
276. But the king shall cut off the hands of those robbers who, breaking into houses, commit thefts at night, and cause them to be impaled on a pointed stake.

54. APHORISM-गिरहकट चोर को दण्ड
अङ्गुलीर्ग्रन्थिभेदस्य छेदयेत्प्रथमे ग्रहे  । द्वितीये हस्तचरणौ तृतीये वधमर्हति  ॥ ९.२७७ ॥
277. On the first conviction, let him cause two fingers of a cut-purse to be amputated; on the second, one hand and one foot; on the third, he shall suffer death.

55. APHORISM-चौरो के सहायको को दण्ड
अग्निदान् भक्तदांश्चैव तथा शस्त्रावकाशदान्  । संनिधातॄंश्च मोषस्य हन्याच्चौरमिवेश्वरः  ॥ ९.२७८ ॥
278. Those who give (to thieves) fire, food, arms, or shelter, and receivers of stolen goods, the ruler shall punish like thieves.
56. APHORISM- तडागभेदकं पर दण्ड
तडागभेदकं हन्यादप्सु शुद्धवधेन वा  । यद्वापि प्रतिसंस्कुर्याद्दाप्यस्तूत्तमसाहसम्  ॥ ९.२७९ ॥
279. Him who breaks (the dam of) a tank he shall slay (by drowning him) in water or by (some other) (mode of) capital punishment; or the offender may repair the (damage), but shall be made to pay the highest amercement.
57. APHORISM- कोष्ठागारायुधागार को तोड़ने पर दण्ड
कोष्ठागारायुधागार- देवतागारभेदकान्  । हस्त्यश्वरथहर्तॄंश्च हन्यादेवाविचारयन्  ॥ ९.२८० ॥
280. Those who break into a (royal) storehouse, an armoury, or a temple, and those who steal elephants, horses, or chariots, he shall slay without hesitation.
58. APHORISM-व्यक्तिगत तड़ाग तोड़ने पर दण्ड
यस्तु पूर्वनिविष्टस्य तडागस्योदकं हरेत् । आगमं वाप्यपां भिन्द्यात्स दाप्यः पूर्वसाहसम्  ॥ ९.२८१ ॥
281. But he who shall take away the water of a tank, made in ancient times, or shall cut off the supply of water, must be made to pay the first (or lowest) amercement.

59. APHORISM-राजमार्ग को गन्दा करने पर दण्ड
समुत्सृजेद्राजमार्गे यस्त्वमेध्यमनापदि  । स द्वौ कार्षापणौ दद्यादमेध्यं चाशु शोधयेत् ॥ ९.२८२ ॥
282. But he who, except in a case of extreme necessity, drops filth on the king's high-road, shall pay two karshapanas and immediately remove (that) filth.

60. APHORISM-राजमार्ग को गन्दा करने पर सफाई करवाना
आपद्गतोऽथ वा वृद्धा गर्भिणी बाल एव वा  । परिभाषणमर्हन्ति तच्च शोध्यमिति स्थितिः  ॥ ९.२८३ ॥
283. But a person in urgent necessity, an aged man, a pregnant woman, or a child, shall be reprimanded and clean the (place); that is a settled rule.
61. APHORISM-चिकिस्सक को दण्ड
चिकित्सकानां सर्वेषां मिथ्याप्रचरतां दमः  । अमानुषेषु प्रथमो मानुषेषु तु मध्यमः  ॥ ९.२८४ ॥
284. All physicians who treat (their patients) wrongly (shall pay) a fine; in the case of animals, the first (or lowest); in the case of human beings, the middlemost (amercement).

62. APHORISM-संक्रम आदि को तोड़ने पर दण्ड
संक्रमध्वजयष्टीनां प्रतिमानां च भेदकः  । प्रतिकुर्याच्च तत्सर्वं पञ्च दद्याच्छतानि च  ॥ ९.२८५ ॥
285. He who destroys a bridge, the flag (of a temple or royal palace), a pole, or images, shall repair the whole (damage) and pay five hundred (panas).
63. APHORISM-शुद्द पदार्थ को दूषित करने पर दण्ड
अदूषितानां द्रव्याणां दूषणे भेदने तथा  । मणीनामपवेधे च दण्डः प्रथमसाहसः  ॥ ९.२८६ ॥
286. For adulterating unadulterated commodities, and for breaking gems or for improperly boring (them), the fine is the first (or lowest) amercement.
64. APHORISM-विषम व्यवहार करने पर दण्ड
समैर्हि विषमं यस्तु चरेद्वै मूल्यतोऽपि वा  । समाप्नुयाद्दमं पूर्वं नरो मध्यममेव वा  ॥ ९.२८७ ॥
287. But that man who behaves dishonestly to honest (customers) or cheats in his prices, shall be fined in the first or in the middlemost amercement.

65. APHORISM-बंधन ग्रह को राजमार्ग के पास बनवाना
बन्धनानि च सर्वाणि राजा मार्गे निवेशयेत् । दुःखिता यत्र दृश्येरन् विकृताः पापकारिणह् ॥ ९.२८८ ॥
288. Let him place all prisons near a high-road, where the suffering and disfigured offenders can be seen.

66. APHORISM-सार्वजनिक संपत्ति के नुक्सान पर दण्ड
प्राकारस्य च भेत्तारं परिखाणां च पूरकम्  । द्वाराणां चैव भङ्क्तारं क्षिप्रमेव प्रवासयेत् ॥ ९.२८९ ॥
289. Him who destroys the wall (of a town), or fills up the ditch (round a town), or breaks a (town)- gate, he shall instantly banish.
67. APHORISM-अभिचार कर्म करने वालो को दण्ड
अभिचारेषु सर्वेषु कर्तव्यो द्विशतो दमः  । मूलकर्मणि चानाप्तेः कृत्यासु विविधासु च  ॥ ९.२९० ॥
290. For all incantations intended to destroy life, for magic rites with roots (practised by persons) not related (to him against whom they are directed), and for various kinds of sorcery, a fine of two hundred (panas) shall be inflicted.
68. APHORISM-दूषित बीज बेचने पर दण्ड
अबीजविक्रयी चैव बीजोत्कृष्टा तथैव च  । मर्यादाभेदकश्चैव विकृतं प्राप्नुयाद्वधम्  ॥ ९.२९१ ॥
291. He who sells (for seed-corn that which is) not seed-corn, he who takes up seed (already sown), and he who destroys a boundary (-mark), shall be punished by mutilation.

69. APHORISM-चोर सुनार को दण्ड
सर्वकण्टकपापिष्ठं हेमकारं तु पार्थिवः  । प्रवर्तमानमन्याये छेदयेल्लवशः क्षुरैः  ॥ ९.२९२ ॥
292. But the king shall cause a goldsmith who behaves dishonestly, the most nocuous of all the thorns, to be cut to pieces with razors.
70. APHORISM-खेती के साधन चुराने पर दण्ड
सीताद्रव्यापहरणे शस्त्राणामौषधस्य च  । कालमासाद्य कार्यं च राजा दण्डं प्रकल्पयेत् ॥ ९.२९३ ॥
293. For the theft of agricultural implements, of arms and of medicines, let the king award punishment, taking into account the time (of the offence) and the use (of the object).
71. APHORISM-`सप्तांग राज्य
स्वाम्यमात्यौ पुरं राष्ट्रं कोशदण्डौ सुहृत्तथा  । सप्त प्रकृतयो ह्येताः सप्ताङ्गं राज्यमुच्यते  ॥ ९.२९४ ॥
294. The king and his minister, his capital, his realm, his treasury, his army, and his ally are the seven constituent parts (of a kingdom); (hence) a kingdom is said to have seven limbs (anga).
72. APHORISM-प्रकृति की श्रेष्टता
सप्तानां प्रकृतीनां तु राज्यस्यासां यथाक्रमम्  । पूर्वं पूर्वं गुरुतरं जानीयाद्व्यसनं महत् ॥ ९.२९५ ॥
295. But let him know (that) among these seven constituent parts of a kingdom (which have been enumerated) in due order, each earlier (named) is more important and (its destruction) the greater calamity.
73. APHORISM-प्रकृतियो की समानता
सप्ताङ्गस्येह राज्यस्य विष्टब्धस्य त्रिदण्डवत् । अन्योन्यगुणवैशेष्यान्न किं चिदतिरिच्यते  ॥ ९.२९६ ॥
296. Yet in a kingdom containing seven constituent parts, which is upheld like the triple staff (of an ascetic), there is no (single part) more important (than the others), by reason of the importance of the qualities of each for the others.
74. APHORISM-प्रकृति का महत्व
तेषु तेषु तु कृत्येषु तत्तदङ्गं विशिष्यते  । येन यत्साध्यते कार्यं तत्तस्मिञ्श्रेष्ठमुच्यते  ॥ ९.२९७ ॥
297. For each part is particularly qualified for (the accomplishment of) certain objects, (and thus) each is declared to be the most important for that particular purpose which is effected by its means.

75. APHORISM-स्वपर शक्ति का ज्ञान
चारेणोत्साहयोगेन क्रिययैव च कर्मणाम्  । स्वशक्तिं परशक्तिं च नित्यं विद्यान्महीपतिः  ॥ ९.२९८ ॥
298. By spies, by a (pretended) display of energy, and by carrying out (various) undertakings, let the king constantly ascertain his own and his enemy's strength;
76. APHORISM-दुसरे राज्य की कमी
पीडनानि च सर्वाणि व्यसनानि तथैव च  । आरभेत ततः कार्यं संचिन्त्य गुरुलाघवम्  ॥ ९.२९९ ॥
299. Moreover, all calamities and vices; afterwards, when he has fully considered their relative importance, let him begin his operations.
77. APHORISM-उधोगशीलता का महत्व
आरभेतैव कर्माणि श्रान्तः श्रान्तः पुनः पुनः  । कर्माण्यारभमाणं हि पुरुषं श्रीर्निषेवते  ॥ ९.३०० ॥
300. (Though he be) ever so much tired (by repeated failures), let him begin his operations again and again; for fortune greatly favours the man who (strenuously) exerts himself in his undertakings.

78. APHORISM –आचरण व्रत Rule for conduct
इन्द्रस्यार्कस्य वायोश्च यमस्य वरुणस्य च  । चन्द्रस्याग्नेः पृथिव्याश्च तेजोवृत्तं नृपश्चरेत् ॥ ९.३०३ ॥
303. Let the king emulate the energetic action of Indra, of the Sun, of the Wind, of Yama, of Varuna, of the Moon, of the Fire, and of the Earth.
79. APHORISM –इंद्र व्रत
वार्षिकांश्चतुरो मासान् यथेन्द्रोऽभिप्रवर्षति। तथाभिवर्षेत्स्वं राष्ट्रं कामैरिन्द्रव्रतं चरन्  ॥ ९.३०४ ॥
304. As Indra sends copious rain during the four months of the rainy season, even so let the king, taking upon himself the office of Indra, shower benefits on his kingdom.

80. APHORISM-सूर्य व्रत
अष्टौ मासान् यथादित्यस्तोयं हरति रश्मिभिः  । तथा हरेत्करं राष्ट्रान्नित्यमर्कव्रतं हि तत् ॥ ९.३०५ ॥
305. As the Sun during eight months (imperceptibly) draws up the water with his rays, even so let him gradually draw his taxes from his kingdom; for that is the office in which he resembles the Sun.

81. APHORISM-वायु व्रत
प्रविश्य सर्वभूतानि यथा चरति मारुतः  । तथा चारैः प्रवेष्टव्यं व्रतमेतद्धि मारुतम्  ॥ ९.३०६ ॥
306. As the Wind moves (everywhere), entering (in the shape of the vital air) all created beings, even so let him penetrate (everywhere) through his spies; that is the office in which he resembles the Wind.

82. APHORISM-यम व्रत
यथा यमः प्रियद्वेष्यौ प्राप्ते काले नियच्छति  । तथा राज्ञा नियन्तव्याः प्रजास्तद्धि यमव्रतम्  ॥ ९.३०७ ॥
307. As Yama at the appointed time subjects to his rule both friends and foes, even so all subjects must be controlled by the king; that is the office in which he resembles Yama.

83. APHORISM –वरुण व्रत
वरुणेन यथा पाशैर्बद्ध एवाभिदृश्यते  । तथा पापान्निगृह्णीयाद्व्रतमेतद्धि वारुणम्  ॥ ९.३०८ ॥
308. As (a sinner) is seen bound with ropes by Varuna, even so let him punish the wicked; that is his office in which he resembles Varuna.

84. APHORISM –चन्द्र व्रत
परिपूर्णं यथा चन्द्रं दृष्ट्वा हृष्यन्ति मानवाः  । तथा प्रकृतयो यस्मिन् स चान्द्रव्रतिको नृपः  ॥ ९.३०९ ॥
309. He is a king, taking upon himself the office of the Moon, whose (appearance) his subjects (greet with as great joy) as men feel on seeing the full moon.

85. APHORISM-आग्नेय व्रत
प्रतापयुक्तस्तेजस्वी नित्यं स्यात्पापकर्मसु  । दुष्टसामन्तहिंस्रश्च तदाग्नेयं व्रतं स्मृतम्  ॥ ९.३१० ॥
310. (If) he is ardent in wrath against criminals and endowed with brilliant energy, and destroys wicked vassals, then his character is said (to resemble) that of Fire.

86. APHORISM- पार्थिवं व्रतम्
यथा सर्वाणि भूतानि धरा धारयते समम्  । तथा सर्वाणि भूतानि बिभ्रतः पार्थिवं व्रतम्  ॥ ९.३११ ॥
311. As the Earth supports all created beings equally, thus (a king) who supports all his subjects, (takes upon himself) the office of the Earth.

87. APHORISM-चौरो का निग्रह
एतैरुपायैरन्यैश्च युक्तो नित्यमतन्द्रितः  । स्तेनान् राजा निगृह्णीयात्स्वराष्ट्रे पर एव च  ॥ ९.३१२ ॥
312. Employing these and other means, the king shall, ever untired, restrain thieves both in his own dominions and in (those of) others.

88. APHORISM-निरसित
परामप्यापदं प्राप्तो ब्राह्मणान्न प्रकोपयेत् । ते ह्येनं कुपिता हन्युः सद्यः सबलवाहनम्  ॥ ९.३१३ ॥
313. Let him not, though fallen into the deepest distress, provoke scholars to anger; for they, when angered, could instantly destroy him together with his army and his vehicles.
89. APHORISM-निरसित
यैः कृतः सर्वभक्ष्योऽग्निरपेयश्च महोदधिः  । क्षयी चाप्यायितः सोमः को न नश्येत्प्रकोप्य तान्  ॥ ९.३१४ ॥
314. Who could escape destruction, when he provokes to anger those (men), by whom the fire was made to consume all things, by whom the (water of the) ocean was made undrinkable, and by whom the moon was made to wane and to increase again?

90. APHORISM-निरसित
लोकानन्यान् सृजेयुर्ये लोकपालांश्च कोपिताः  । देवान् कुर्युरदेवांश्च कः क्षिण्वंस्तान् समृध्नुयात् ॥ ९.३१५ ॥
315. Who could prosper, while he injures those (men) who provoked to anger, could create other worlds and other guardians of the world, and deprive the gods of their divine station?
91. APHORISM-निरसित
यानुपाश्रित्य तिष्ठन्ति लोका देवाश्च सर्वदा  । ब्रह्म चैव धनं येषां को हिंस्यात्ताञ्जिजीविषुः  ॥ ९.३१६ ॥
316. What man, desirous of life, would injure them to whose support the (three) worlds and the gods ever owe their existence, and whose wealth is the Veda?
92. APHORISM-निरसित
अविद्वांश्चैव विद्वांश्च ब्राह्मणो दैवतं महत् । प्रणीतश्चाप्रणीतश्च यथाग्निर्दैवतं महत् ॥ ९.३१७ ॥
317. A Brahmana, be he ignorant or learned, is a great divinity, just as the fire, whether carried forth (for the performance of a burnt-oblation) or not carried forth, is a great divinity.
93. APHORISM-निरसित
श्मशानेष्वपि तेजस्वी पावको नैव दुष्यति  । हूयमानश्च यज्ञेषु भूय एवाभिवर्धते  ॥ ९.३१८ ॥
318. The brilliant fire is not contaminated even in burial-places, and, when presented with oblations (of butter) at sacrifices, it again increases mightily.

94. APHORISM-निरसित
एवं यद्यप्यनिष्टेषु वर्तन्ते सर्वकर्मसु  । सर्वथा ब्राह्मणाः पूज्याः परमं दैवतं हि तत् ॥ ९.३१९ ॥
319. Thus, though Brahmanas employ themselves in all (sorts of) mean occupations, they must be honoured in every way; for (each of) them is a very great deity.
95. APHORISM-निरसित
क्षत्रस्यातिप्रवृद्धस्य ब्राह्मणान् प्रति सर्वशः  । ब्रह्मैव संनियन्तृ स्यात्क्षत्रं हि ब्रह्मसंभवम्  ॥ ९.३२० ॥
320. When the Kshatriyas become in any way overbearing towards the Brahmanas, the Brahmanas themselves shall duly restrain them; for the Kshatriyas sprang from the Brahmanas.
96. APHORISM-निरसित
अद्भ्योऽग्निर्ब्रह्मतः क्षत्रमश्मनो लोहमुत्थितम्  । तेषां सर्वत्रगं तेजः स्वासु योनिषु शाम्यति  ॥ ९.३२१ ॥
321. Fire sprang from water, Kshatriyas from Brahmanas, iron from stone; the all-penetrating force of those (three) has no effect on that whence they were produced.

97. APHORISM-निरसित
नाब्रह्म क्षत्रमृध्नोति नाक्षत्रं ब्रह्म वर्धते  । ब्रह्म क्षत्रं च संपृक्तमिह चामुत्र वर्धते  ॥ ९.३२२ ॥
322. Kshatriyas prosper not without Brahmanas, Brahmanas prosper not without Kshatriyas; Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, being closely united, prosper in this (world) and in the next.

98. APHORISM-निरसित
दत्त्वा धनं तु विप्रेभ्यः सर्वदण्डसमुत्थितम्  । पुत्रे राज्यं समासृज्य कुर्वीत प्रायणं रणे  ॥ ९.३२३ ॥
323. But (a king who feels his end drawing nigh) shall bestow all his wealth, accumulated from fines, on Brahmanas, make over his kingdom to his son, and then seek death in battle.

99. APHORISM-निरसित
एवं चरन् सदा युक्तो राजधर्मेषु पार्थिवः  । हितेषु चैव लोकस्य सर्वान् भृत्यान्नियोजयेत् ॥ ९.३२४ ॥
324. Thus conducting himself (and) ever intent on (discharging) his royal duties, a king shall order all his servants (to work) for the good of his people.


100. APHORISM-अपराध रहित राज्य
यस्य स्तेनः पुरे नास्ति नान्यस्त्रीगो न दुष्टवाक् । न साहसिकदण्डघ्नो स राजा शक्रलोकभाक् ॥ ८.३८६ ॥
386. That king in whose town lives no thief, no adulterer, no defamer, no man guilty of violence, and no committer of assaults, attains the world of Sakra (Indra).
101. APHORISM--अपराध रहित राज्य
एतेषां निग्रहो राज्ञः पञ्चानां विषये स्वके  । सांराज्यकृत्सजात्येषु लोके चैव यशस्करः  ॥ ८.३८७ ॥
387. The suppression of those five in his dominions secures to a king paramount sovereignty among his peers and fame in the world.
102. APHORISM-पुरोहित तथा यजमान का त्याग करने पर दण्ड
ऋत्विजं यस्त्यजेद्याज्यो याज्यं च र्त्विक्त्यजेद्यदि  । शक्तं कर्मण्यदुष्टं च तयोर्दण्डः शतं शतम्  ॥ ८.३८८ ॥
388. A sacrificer who forsakes an officiating priest, and an officiating priest who forsakes a sacrificer, (each being) able to perform his work and not contaminated (by grievous crimes), must each be fined one hundred (panas).
103. APHORISM-माता पिता का त्याग करने पर दण्ड
न माता न पिता न स्त्री न पुत्रस्त्यागमर्हति  । त्यजन्नपतितानेतान् राज्ञा दण्ड्यः शतानि षट् ॥ ८.३८९ ॥
389. Neither a mother, nor a father, nor a wife, nor a son shall be cast off; he who casts them off, unless guilty of a crime causing loss of caste, shall be fined six hundred (panas).
104. APHORISM-कर ग्रहण से मुक्त व्यक्ति
अन्धो जडः पीठसर्पी सप्तत्या स्थविरश्च यः  । श्रोत्रियेषूपकुर्वंश्च न दाप्याः केन चित्करम्  ॥ ८.३९४ ॥
394. A blind man, an idiot, (a cripple) who moves with the help of a board, a man full seventy years old, and he who confers benefits on Srotriyas, shall not be compelled by any (king) to pay a tax.
105. APHORISM-धोबी के कपडे धोने का विधान
शाल्मलीफलके श्लक्ष्णे नेनिज्यान्नेजकः शनैः  । न च वासांसि वासोभिर्निर्हरेन्न च वासयेत् ॥ ८.३९६ ॥
396. A washerman shall wash (the clothes of his employers) gently on a smooth board of Salmaliwood he shall not return the clothes (of one person) for those (of another), nor allow anybody (but the owner) to wear them.
106. APHORISM-बुनकर द्वारा कपडे बनाने का विधान
तन्तुवायो दशपलं दद्यादेकपलाधिकम्  । अतोऽन्यथा वर्तमानो दाप्यो द्वादशकं दमम्  ॥ ८.३९७ ॥
397. A weaver (who has received) ten palas (of thread), shall return (cloth weighing) one pala more; he who acts differently shall be compelled to pay a fine of twelve (panas).
107. APHORISM-विक्रय कर
शुल्कस्थानेषु कुशलाः सर्वपण्यविचक्षणाः  । कुर्युरर्घं यथापण्यं ततो विंशं नृपो हरेत् ॥ ८.३९८ ॥
398. Let the king take one-twentieth of that (amount) which men, well acquainted with the settlement of tolls and duties (and) skilful in (estimating the value of) all kinds of merchandise, may fix as the value for each saleable commodity.
108. APHORISM-निषिद्ध वस्तु का निर्यात
राज्ञः प्रख्यातभाण्डानि प्रतिषिद्धानि यानि च  । ताणि निर्हरतो लोभात्सर्वहारं हरेन्नृपः  ॥ ८.३९९ ॥
399. Let the king confiscate the whole property of (a trader) who out of greed exports goods of which the king has a monopoly or (the export of which is) forbidden.
109. APHORISM-असमय विक्रय करने पर दण्ड
शुल्कस्थानं परिहरन्नकाले क्रयविक्रयी  । मिथ्यावादी च संख्याने दाप्योऽष्टगुणमत्ययम्  ॥ ८.४०० ॥
400. He who avoids a custom-house (or a toll), he who buys or sells at an improper time, or he who makes a false statement in enumerating (his goods), shall be fined eight times (the amount of duty) which he tried to evade.
110. APHORISM-विदेश में विक्रय करने का मूल्य निर्णय
आगमं निर्गमं स्थानं तथा वृद्धिक्षयावुभौ  । विचार्य सर्वपण्यानां कारयेत्क्रयविक्रयौ  ॥ ८.४०१ ॥
401. Let (the king) fix (the rates for) the purchase and sale of all marketable goods, having (duly) considered whence they come, whither they go, how long they have been kept, the (probable) profit and the (probable) outlay.
111. APHORISM-मूल्य निर्धारण
पञ्चरात्रे पञ्चरात्रे पक्षे पक्षेऽथ वा गते  । कुर्वीत चैषां प्रत्यक्षमर्घसंस्थापनं नृपः  ॥ ८.४०२ ॥
402. Once in five nights, or at the close of each fortnight, let the king publicly settle the prices for the (merchants).
112. APHORISM-तराजू बाट आदि की जांच
तुलामानं प्रतीमानं सर्वं च स्यात्सुलक्षितम्  । षट्सु षट्सु च मासेषु पुनरेव परीक्षयेत् ॥ ८.४०३ ॥
403. All weights and measures must be duly marked, and once in six months let him re-examine them.
113. APHORISM-नाव का भाड़ा
पणं यानं तरे दाप्यं पौरुषोऽर्धपणं तरे  । पादं पशुश्च योषिच्च पादार्धं रिक्तकः पुमान्  ॥ ८.४०४ ॥
404. At a ferry an (empty) cart shall be made to pay one pana, a man's (load) half a pana, an animal and a woman one quarter of a (pana), an unloaded man one-half of a quarter.
114. APHORISM-भाड़ा में राहत
भाण्डपूर्णानि यानानि तार्यं दाप्यानि सारतः  । रिक्तभाण्डानि यत्किं चित्पुमांसश्चापरिच्छदाः  ॥ ८.४०५ ॥
405. Carts (laden) with vessels full (of merchandise) shall be made to pay toll at a ferry according to the value (of the goods), empty vessels and men without luggage some trifle.
115. APHORISM-उचित भाड़ा
दीर्घाध्वनि यथादेशं यथाकालं तरो भवेत् । नदीतीरेषु तद्विद्यात्समुद्रे नास्ति लक्षणम्  ॥ ८.४०६ ॥
406. For a long passage the boat-hire must be proportioned to the places and times; know that this (rule refers) to (passages along) the banks of rivers; at sea there is no settled (freight).
116. APHORISM-भाड़े से मुक्ति
गर्भिणी तु द्विमासादिस्तथा प्रव्रजितो मुनिः  । ब्राह्मणा लिङ्गिनश्चैव न दाप्यास्तारिकं तरे  ॥ ८.४०७ ॥
407. But a woman who has been pregnant two months or more, an ascetic, a hermit in the forest, and Brahmanas who are students of the Veda, shall not be made to pay toll at a ferry.
117. APHORISM-मल्लाह के दोष से सामान नष्ट होने पर दण्ड
यन्नावि किं चिद्दाशानां विशीर्येतापराधतः  । तद्दाशैरेव दातव्यं समागम्य स्वतोऽशतः  ॥ ८.४०८ ॥
408. Whatever may be damaged in a boat by the fault of the boatmen, that shall be made good by the boatmen collectively, (each paying) his share.
118. APHORISM-मल्लाह के दोष से सामान नष्ट होने पर दण्ड
एष नौयायिनामुक्तो व्यवहारस्य निर्णयः  । दाशापराधतस्तोये दैविके नास्ति निग्रहः  ॥ ८.४०९ ॥
409. This decision in suits (brought) by passengers (holds good only) in case the boatmen are culpably negligent on the water; in the case of (an accident) caused by (the will of) the gods, no fine can be (inflicted on them).
119. APHORISM-प्रतिदिन आय व्यव का निरीक्षण
अहन्यहन्यवेक्षेत कर्मान्तान् वाहनानि च  । आयव्ययौ च नियतावाकरान् कोशमेव च  ॥ ८.४१९ ॥
419. Let him daily look after the completion of his undertakings, his beasts of burden, and carriages, (the collection of) his revenues and the disbursements, his mines and his treasury.